The age-old debate of cannabis versus alcohol is far from simple. It’s a complex issue that has intrigued South Africans for years, especially since the decriminalisation of cannabis for private use in 2018. While cannabis tends to come with fewer risks than alcohol, there are numerous factors to consider when comparing these two substances.
The Comparison Conundrum
Before delving into the comparison, it’s crucial to understand why it’s challenging to draw direct parallels between cannabis and alcohol:
- Research Gap: We know far more about alcohol than cannabis. While cannabis research is increasing, long-term studies are still lacking. This knowledge gap may make cannabis appear safer simply because we’re not yet aware of specific risks.
- Product Variety: The cannabis market offers a wide range of products, from traditional flowers to edibles and oils. Each consumption method can have different short- and long-term effects.
- Individual Reactions: Effects of both substances can vary significantly from person to person. A low tolerance for one individual could be a high tolerance for another.
Short-Term Effects
Both cannabis and alcohol can impair cognitive skills, reflexes, and judgement. However, the experience of being high differs from being drunk for most people.
Alcohol effects often include:
- Impaired coordination and reflexes
- Altered judgement
- Mood changes (relaxation or restlessness)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Hangovers the following day
Cannabis effects may include:
- Altered time perception
- Impaired cognitive skills
- Relaxation (though some may feel anxious)
- Pain relief
- Dry mouth and red eyes
- Increased appetite
While alcohol often leads to hangovers, cannabis may cause milder after-effects like drowsiness or ‘brain fog’ for some users.
Long-Term Health Risks
Alcohol, when consumed heavily over time, can lead to:
- Liver disease
- Heart damage
- Digestive issues
- Central nervous system damage
- Fertility problems
Cannabis long-term effects are less clear due to limited research but may include:
- Potential brain development issues if used heavily in adolescence
- Possible link to schizophrenia onset in predisposed individuals
It’s important to note that these effects don’t account for risks associated with smoking, which applies to some cannabis users.
Potential for Misuse
Both substances carry a risk of misuse and addiction. Alcohol Use Disorder is relatively common, affecting millions globally. Cannabis addiction, while less prevalent, is more common than many believe, with studies suggesting up to 30% of users may develop some degree of dependence.
Monthly Cost Overview
Cost Factor | Cannabis | Alcohol (Weekend Only) |
---|---|---|
Usage Pattern | Daily evening use | Friday-Sunday only |
Cost per unit | R150 per 150mg | R120 per drink |
Units needed | 20mg per evening | 3-4 drinks per evening |
Daily cost | R20 | R360-R480 (weekend days only) |
Detailed Breakdown
Cannabis Costs
Item | Amount |
---|---|
Package size | 150mg |
Package price | R150 |
Cost per mg | R1 |
Daily dose | 20mg |
Daily cost | R20 |
Monthly cost (30 days) | R600 |
Alcohol Costs (Weekend Only)
Item | Amount |
---|---|
Price per drink | R120 |
Drinks per night | 3-4 |
Nights per week | 3 (Fri-Sun) |
Weekly cost | R1,080 – R1,440 |
Monthly cost | R4,320 – R5,760 |
Cost Comparison Summary
Factor | Cannabis | Alcohol | Difference |
---|---|---|---|
Monthly cost | R600 | R4,320 – R5,760 | R3,720 – R5,160 more for alcohol |
Cost ratio | 1x | 7-9.6x | Alcohol is 7-9.6 times more expensive |
Annual savings potential | – | R44,640 – R61,920 | Potential saving |
Analysis
Even with alcohol consumption limited to weekends, it remains significantly more expensive than daily cannabis use. A regular weekend alcohol user could potentially save between R3,720 and R5,160 per month by switching to daily cannabis use, assuming similar levels of effect.
However, it’s crucial to remember that cost should not be the only factor when making decisions about substance use.
Individual health considerations, personal preferences, and legal implications should all play a role in such decisions.
The South African Context
In South Africa, where both substances are legal for adults (alcohol for purchase and cannabis for private use), it’s crucial to consider the cultural and social implications of their use. Alcohol has long been integrated into many social settings. At the same time, cannabis use is still stigmatised in some circles despite recent legal changes.
The burgeoning cannabis industry in South Africa, including the edibles market, offers new opportunities for responsible use. However, it’s essential to approach both substances with caution and awareness of their potential risks.
Conclusion
While cannabis appears to have fewer long-term health risks and lower financial costs than alcohol, the lack of comprehensive research makes it impossible to declare a definitive ‘winner’ in terms of overall safety and impact. Both substances can impair judgement and carry risks of addiction.
Ultimately, the choice between cannabis and alcohol – or whether to use either – is a personal one. It should be made with full awareness of the potential risks, benefits, and costs, considering individual health, tolerance, and circumstances.